A partir de una investigación sobre los Consejos Asesores Presidenciales en el Gobierno de Michelle Bachelet, se desarrolla un marco teórico sobre movimientos sociales y las llamadas formas subpolíticas, que permite ver cómo el movimiento estudiantil secundario de 2006 desafió el enclave educacional y el tipo de respuesta que un gobierno que buscaba un sello ciudadano, dio a través de la formación de un Consejo Asesor con participación de diversos sectores. El análisis de los debates en el seno de ese (...) Consejo muestra las diversas posiciones en juego y también la imposibilidad de llegar a acuerdos de trasformación profunda. (shrink)

Recovering the identity of a people means revisiting their memory, their history and the memories that determine the construction of their identity. This essay seeks to reflect on the impacts of mining, its causes, impasses and consequences on the memory and the construction of local identities, namely those from the affected communities. Considering the collapse of the Fundão/Mariana tailings dam, some ethical-philosophical provocations arise, such as: why do we talk about a crime-disaster and not simply about a disaster or a (...) tailings dam collapse? How can we give a name to this memory of trauma, to what is inexplicable? After all, how do we think about the memory of the community in the aftermath of the collapse? (shrink)

¿Cómo es y en qué se ha transformado actualmente la ciudad? ¿Es sólo un espacio de flujos y de inacabables mutaciones que complican la existencia humana? ¿O es la musa deseada por los innumerables pretendientes en sus posibilidades políticas y mercantiles?Por esencia, la ciudad es central y capital, “lugar del capital”, instrumento de regulación y eje del sistema de soberanía que asegure y regule el orden general. Pero la complejidad que hoy día presenta convoca a los expertos que, preocupado..

University program dropout is a problem that has important consequences not only for the student that leaves but also for the institution in which the withdrawal occurs. Therefore, higher education institutions must study the problem in greater depth to establish appropriate prevention measures in the future. However, most research papers currently focus primarily on the characteristics of students who leave university, rather than on those who choose to pursue alternative courses of study and therefore fail to take into account the (...) different kinds of abandonment. The aim of this paper is to identify the different types of dropout to define their characteristics and propose some recommendations. Thus, an ex post facto study was carried out on a sample of 1,311 freshmen from a university in the north of Spain using data gathered using an ad-hoc designed questionnaire, applied by telephone or an online survey, and completed with data available in the university data warehouse. A descriptive analysis was performed to characterize the sample and identify five different groups, including 1. Students persisting in their initiated degree 2. Students who change of program (within the same university) 3. Students transferring to a different university 4. Students enrolling in non-higher-education studies 5. Students that quit studying. Also, data mining techniques (decision trees) were applied to classify the cases and generate predictive models to aid in the design of differentiated intervention strategies for each of the corresponding groups. (shrink)

Every now and then when watching a movie, we come across faces in which we recognize a significant value, because they represent some important cultural models we use to assign meaning to our experience of the world. By way of example, I will discuss the faces of the protagonists of two recent films, Abdellatif Kechiche’s La vie d’Adele. Chapitres 1 & 2 (2013; English title Blue Is the Warmest Colour) and Leonor Serraille’s Jeune femme (2017), comparing them with the faces (...) of the protagonists of some older movies, such as Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson’s Shrek (2001) and James Cameron’s Avatar (2009). I will argue that the way in which the faces are portrayed is similar to the narrative structure of the stories of the characters they belong to, and that the signs and narrative structures used to construct the discourses about the world in those films are at the same time similar to those of two important cultural models of what it means to be young men and women in our times. As these cultural models are different, yet interconnected, I will argue that the most meaningful faces in cinema change due to the transformation of the cultural models they derive from and that a sociosemiotic method based on a structuralist vision of culture can help identify the most culturally significant symbolic faces on screen, and elsewhere. (shrink)

This paper presents an interview carried out with Maria Aparecida Viggiani Bicudo. Its main topic is the Philosophy of Mathematics Education. Other issues are linked to this central theme, such the interviewed’s experience in university management, the movement from her initial formation in Education till her studies in Philosophy, the creation of a recognized and well regarded PostGraduate Programm in Mathematics Education in Brazil, and the perspective of being woman and mother working in the academic world.

Health‐related data uses and data sharing have been in the spotlight for a while. Since the beginning of the big data era, massive data mining and its inherent possibilities have only increased the debate about what the limits are. Data governance is a relevant aspect addressed in ethics guidelines. In this context, the European project BRIDGE Health (BRidging Information and Data Generation for Evidence‐based Health policy and research) strove to achieve a comprehensive, integrated and sustainable EU health‐information system. One of (...) the aims of the project was to evaluate the requirements to construct a data‐linkage infrastructure for the secure management of health information. In a blueprint provided for this infrastructure, the topics ethics and the intimately related governance occupied a whole section, where the recent ethics guidelines by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) and the World Medical Association (WMA) were referenced. We explore what has changed in the latest versions of the ethics documents adopted by CIOMS and WMA regarding the management of health data and human tissues, the appropriateness of their application in new forms of research and infrastructures as the proposed in the BRIDGE Health project, and whether society should be so concerned about this topic, in the digital era of social exchange. (shrink)

El texto presenta una visión detallada sobre la importancia y operación del Observatorio de la Red Iberoamericana de Bioética (ORIBI), argumentando la relevancia de la bioética en la contemporaneidad. La bioética, definida como la ética aplicada a la vida, ha expandido su influencia más allá de la medicina para abarcar áreas como el medio ambiente, derechos humanos y lucha contra la pobreza, destacando el enfoque interdisciplinario esencial para abordar dilemas éticos complejos. El ORIBI, desarrollado por el Centro Anáhuac de Desarrollo (...) Estratégico en Bioética (CADEBI), busca consolidar algunos esfuerzos dispersos en Iberoamérica, fomentando la colaboración regional en investigación, formación y gestión de la bioética. Se destaca la necesidad de trabajo colaborativo entre observatorios existentes, aprovechando recursos y conocimientos para promover el bienestar social. El ORIBI planea su acción en torno al monitoreo continuo, análisis de actividades y red de vinculación, apoyándose en herramientas como el Atlas Iberoamericano de Bioética y una serie de indicadores de seguimiento. Este enfoque estratégico y flexible permite adaptar la operación del observatorio a desafíos emergentes. (shrink)

o presente artigo objetiva abordar acerca da crítica consistente ao autoritarismo violento, degradante, racista e desumano dos “anos de chumbo” da ditadura militar no Brasil, constante na literatura afro-brasileira dramática negro-brasileira a partir, sobretudo, de três teatros peculiares, a saber: o Teatro Experimental Negro, o Teatro Profissional do Negro e o Grupo Teatro Palmares Iñaron. Metodologicamente, esclarece-se que esta escrita emprega uma abordagem qualitativa de natureza básica e é de cunho teórico exploratório quanto ao objetivo principal, pois se debruça ao (...) debate, visando aprimorar teorias, conceitos e ideias a partir do bojo de fontes secundárias que tratam da temática principal. Neste sentido, empregou-se o método procedimental bibliográfico utilizando-se da hermenêutica com a técnica de leituras pertinentes à temática proposta. Cabe salientar que, apesar da tentativa histórica do cânone da literatura autoritária e eurocentrada, não foi e nem tem sido capaz de silenciar os ecos objetivos e/ou subjetivos expressos na literatura afro-brasileira, nem mesmo durante o período mais duro e racista da ditadura militar no Brasil. (shrink)

Introducción de los editores al número monográfico "Diversidad y deliberación en entornos digitales".

Introduction: In 2020, according to the Global Cancer Observatory, nearly 10 million people died of cancer. Amongst all cancers, breast cancer had the highest number of new cases and lung cancer had the highest number of deaths. Even though the literatures suggest a possible connection between psychological factors and cancer risk, their association throughout studies remains inconclusive. The present systematic review studied the connection between psychological factors and the risk of breast and lung cancer, prior to a cancer diagnosis. The (...) psychological factors of trauma, grief, and depression were studied.Methods: The current systematic review was carried out across multiple databases in two phases, an initial exploratory research in June 2020, refined with a second electronic research in December 2020. The inclusion criteria included studies describing the association between trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, grief, and depression with breast and lung cancer risk. The psychological data collection must have been carried out prior to a confirmed breast or lung cancer diagnosis, and accessed through self-report measures, questionnaires, clinical interviews, or clinical diagnoses. Study reports had to contain information about the incidence of cancer and effect size. The exclusion criteria were studies in which psychological factors were collected after cancer diagnosis.Results and Conclusion: A total of 26 studies were included. Although non-consensual, the findings from the present systematic review suggest that, in addition to the known risk factors, psychological factors may play an important role in the etiology of both breast and lung cancer. To include psychological factors as a variable that affects cancer development may be fundamental to opening new avenues for prevention and intervention.Systematic Review Registration: [www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [CRD42020209161]. (shrink)

Durante la primera década del siglo XX el 90% de los migrantes provenía de Europa y se dirigía a cinco países: EEUU, Argentina, Canadá, Brasil y Australia. Hoy esa misma proporción de migrantes proviene de tres continentes: Asia, África y Latinoamérica y se dirige a cuatro grandes regiones: Europa, Norteamérica, Asia Pacífico y El Golfo Pérsico. Las migraciones se han mundializado no tanto por la magnitud de los flujos, que sigue estando por debajo del 5% de la población mundial, sino (...) por el .. (shrink)

Dispositivos da Formação Teórica Queer: contribuições de Michel Foucault e Jacques Derrida Resumo: O presente artigo busca discutir as contribuições de Michel Foucault e Jacques Derrida para a formulação da teoria queer, apresentando algumas de suas propostas teóricas que passeiam e incorporam movimentos políticos e acadêmicos, bem como corpos em constante construção de si, incorporados por enunciados de gênero, suas oposições, mas também por suas Diferanças. Para isso, apresentamos inicialmente os itinerários históricos dos movimentos políticos queer, ou seja, uma pragmática (...) que se dará ao longo da sua construção, base para o pensamento teórico. A seguir, apresentamos o pensamento desses autores como pressupostos para a potencialização, tanto dessa pragmática, como de dispositivos que compõem a analítica das normalizações dos gêneros e para além deles, constitutivas da Teoria Queer. Palavras-chave: Gênero; Teoria Queer; Michel Foucault; Jacques Derrida. Devices of Queer Theoretical Formation: contributions from Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida Abstract: This article aims to discuss the contributions of Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida to the formulation of queer theory, presenting some of their theoretical proposals that walk and incorporate political and academic movements, as well as bodies in constant construction of themselves, incorporated by statements of gender, its oppositions, but also for its Differances. For this, we initially present the historical itineraries of queer political movements, that is, a pragmatics that will take place throughout their construction, the basis for theoretical thinking. In sequence, we present the thought of these authors as presuppositions for the potentializing of both this pragmatics and devices that make up the analysis of the normalizations of genres and beyond them, which are constitutive of the Queer Theory. Keywords: Gender; Queer Theory; Michel Foucault; Jacques Derrida. Dispositivos de Formación Teórica Queer: aportes de Michel Foucault y Jacques Derrida Resumen: Este artículo busca discutir los aportes de Michel Foucault y Jacques Derrida a la formulación de la teoría queer, presentando algunas de sus propuestas teóricas que caminan e incorporan movimientos políticos y académicos, así como cuerpos en constante construcción de sí mismos, incorporados por declaraciones de género, sus oposiciones, pero también por sus Diferancias. Para eso, presentamos inicialmente los itinerarios históricos de los movimientos políticos queer, o sea, una pragmática que se irá dando a lo largo de su construcción, base del pensamiento teórico. La continuación, presentamos el pensamiento de estos autores como presupuestos para la potencialización tanto de esta pragmática como de los dispositivos que componen el análisis de las normalizaciones de géneros y más allá de ellos, que son constitutivos de la Teoría Queer. Palabras clave: Género; Teoría Queer; Michel Foucault; Jacques Derrida. Data de registro: 16/09/2021 Data de aceite: 19/01/2022. (shrink)

This paper aims to introduce, in the context of Latin America, the theoretical epistemic discussion regarding the theme of the ‘common’ as a political principle which substantiates instituting and autonomous processes of government, control and community regulation. The work seeks to relate a democratic scenario of the ‘common’ with the discourses of pluralist and decolonial normativity, in a way that would guarantee not only horizontal communal self-management, but also a legitimate ordering of forms of life, founded on common interest, social (...) relations and interconnected structures. For this purpose the instrument of critical-socio-legal analysis is applied at the intersections with the ‘participative-communitary’ type of legal pluralism. Our proposal is to combine the contemporary meaning of the ‘common’, its relation to the Latin American principles of ‘buen vivir’ (living well) and ‘interculturalidade’ (interculturality), as well as the instituting practice of the ‘common’, that engenders a normativity built ‘from below’, which is in opposition to the traditional positivist and state legal system imposed through colonization in Latin America. Such achievements that, although formalized, are not being successful against institutional ruptures, have ‘cloistered’ the practices of the ‘common’ and made the existence of legal pluralism invisible. (shrink)

O DIREITO À CIDADE NA PERSPECTIVA DO USO DO SOLO E DO EQUIPAMENTO SOCIAL.

Este trabajo presenta los resultados preliminares obtenidos en la conformación del Atlas Iberoamericano en Bioética que ha desarrollado el Centro Anáhuac de Desarrollo Estratégico en Bioética (CADEBI) respecto a la identificación y análisis de las instituciones de Bioética existentes en la Región. Se realizó una revisión documental a través de motores de búsqueda, bases de datos, redes sociales y otras fuentes. La información obtenida se agrupó en seis diferentes categorías de acuerdo con la estructura, objetivos y actividades que desarrollan. De (...) esta manera, se realizó un diagnóstico inicial con base en las fuentes documentales disponibles en la Web. Como parte de los resultados, se identificaron 157 instituciones en 25 países; así como la variación en la densidad institucional, concentrándose principalmente en España (29 instituciones), México (26 instituciones), Argentina (17 instituciones), Brasil (13 instituciones), Chile (11 instituciones) y Colombia (8 instituciones). Además, se resalta la importancia de las comisiones nacionales de bioética en el desarrollo institucional, señalando la relación entre el avance científico y tecnológico de los países y el desarrollo de la bioética. El texto concluye con la propuesta de crear un Observatorio de la Red Iberoamericana de Bioética para documentar y promover el intercambio institucional y científico en la Región, así como algunas recomendaciones derivadas del desarrollo de este trabajo. (shrink)

ESTUDOS SOBRE O PENSAMENTO FILOSÓFICO DE ANTÓNIO JOSÉ DE BRITO Quem haja seguido com compreensiva e valorativa atenção o percurso da reflexão filosófica portuguesa no último quarto do século XX, não poderá ter deixado de reconhecer o destacado lugar que nele ocupa a obra de António José de Brito, Professor Catedrático jubilado da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto, pelo exigente rigor, coerência sistemática e originalidade do seu pensamento de cariz dialéctico, desenvolvido a partir da noção principial de Insuperável, (...) bem como a inteligência e penetração hermenêuticas que sempre revelam os seus estudos e ensaios sobre diversos filósofos portugueses O presente Volume reúne não só os textos das comunicações no Colóquio de Homenagem ao ilustre filósofo e mestre portuense, como contém outros textos sobre o seu pensamento, de individualidades que, embora impossibilitadas de nele participar, quiseram associar-se a esta homenagem, como igualmente, na ula Gratulatória, uma série de outros nomes que a esta homenagem se quiseram igualmente associar. (shrink)

El objetivo de esta investigación, desarrollada en el contexto de educación virtual, fue mejorar las competencias investigativas de estudiantes universitarios. Este estudio cualitativo y de diseño investigación-acción se basó en un diagnóstico inicial con el que se identificó plagio académico, además de una autopercepción de nivel medio o bajo respecto de las habilidades investigativas de los alumnos. Durante la ejecución de las estrategias diseñadas, se aplicaron las técnicas de focus group y análisis documental de los ensayos estudiantiles. Se concluyó la (...) efectividad de las estrategias en la mejora de las competencias básicas, de búsqueda y análisis de información, y actitudinales. (shrink)

Many authors have already observed that the Tractatus Theologico-Politicus of Baruch Spinoza was, in its time, the most discussed and most vehemently refuted book. Indeed, at the dawn of the Enlightenment, and almost until the end of the nineteenth century, Spinoza's Theological-Political Treatise was an assertive and powerful appeal to freedom of expression and thought, a bold claim of religious tolerance and freedom of conscience in a Europe that was unaccustomed to the exercise of free thought. But, what is after (...) all the subject of the Theological-Political Treatise, a book maligned for so long and by so many as ultra pestilential and immoral? The present volume, collecting essays by notable European scholars, attempts to address some of the problems created by the broad spectrum of topics included in Spinoza's Theological-Political Treatise. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como a escravidão negreira esteve a serviço da devastação ambiental no Recôncavo Baiano durante o período colonial. Trata-se de um par pouco conhecido, embora largamente comentado por muitos, mas de forma separada. Este texto visa a preencher uma lacuna bibliográfica ao trabalhar dois conceitos caros à sociedade brasileira: o problema da escravidão e o da devastação ambiental na região do Recôncavo Baiano. Por essa razão o presente texto está dividido em duas partes: na primeira, (...) será examinado o comércio dos escravos e sua finalidade inicial; na segunda, será perscrutado como a devastação ambiental foi executada pelos negros, a mando de seus senhores, a fim de suprir o mercado exportador de madeiras, sobretudo, deixando consequências indeléveis para a região até os dias de hoje. Espera-se que o texto possa colaborar com o avanço dos estudos interdisciplinares sobre a história ambiental no Brasil. (shrink)

Prof. Dr. Stefan Lorenz Sorgner combines two essential attributes: He is one of the brilliant minds of our times, and his specialization is on one of the most relevant discussions on philosophy, Trans/Post/Metahumanism. He received his BA from King’s College/University of London, his MA by thesis from the University of Durham, UK, and his Dr. Phil. from the University of Jena, Germany. In recent years, he taught at the University of Jena, University of Erfurt, University of Klagenfurt, Ewha Woman’s University (...) in Seoul and University of Erlangen-Nürnberg. (shrink)

This paper compares Kant’s and Leibniz’s views on the relation between knowing subjects and known objects. Kant discusses Leibniz’s philosophy in the ‘Amphiboly’ section of the first Critique. According to Kant, Leibniz’s main error is mistaking objects in space and time for mind-independent things in themselves, that is, for monads. The paper argues that, pace Kant, Leibniz regards objects in space and time as mind-dependent. A deeper divergence between the two philosophers concerns knowing subjects. For Leibniz, they are substances. For (...) Kant, we cannot know whether they are substances. Kant conceives of knowing subjects as complex systems of cognitive capacities. (shrink)

What kind of relationship subsists between an "organism" and a "monas dominans"? In some texts, Leibniz claims that the soul "actuat" the organic body and in the late debate with Stahl he describes the "monas dominans" as a "monas actuatrix". But how does the monas "actualize" the organic body? And what is implied by Leibniz's use of the word "agere" to describe this? Is it also possibile to describe this event in terms of "whole/part" relationship? The aim of this paper (...) is to sketch out the status quaestionis of the topic by discussing some of the most recent studies. More specifically to propose an interpretation of the "monas dominans" as the "nota distinguens" of the whole organism. (shrink)

As it emerged from philosophical analyses and cognitive research, most concepts exhibit typicality effects, and resist to the efforts of defining them in terms of necessary and sufficient conditions. This holds also in the case of many medical concepts. This is a problem for the design of computer science ontologies, since knowledge representation formalisms commonly adopted in this field do not allow for the representation of concepts in terms of typical traits. However, the need of representing concepts in terms of (...) typical traits concerns almost every domain of real world knowledge, including medical domains. In particular, in this article we take into account the domain of mental disorders, starting from the DSM-5 descriptions of some specific mental disorders. On this respect, we favor a hybrid approach to the representation of psychiatric concepts, in which ontology oriented formalisms are combined to a geometric representation of knowledge based on conceptual spaces. (shrink)